Dispose of graphics resources deterministically.

Textures, FrameBuffers and VertexBuffers allocated by the Sdl2 Renderer were only being released via finalizers. This could lead to OpenGL out of memory errors since resources may not be cleaned up in a timely manner. To avoid this, IDisposable has been implemented and transitively applied to classes that use these resources.

As a side-effect some static state is no longer static, particularly in Renderer, in order to facilitate this change and just for nicer design in general.

Also dispose some bitmaps.

OpenRA.Game/Game.cs

@@ -140,7 +140,10 @@ namespace OpenRA
 				orderManager.World = new World(map, orderManager, isShellmap);
 				orderManager.World.Timestep = Timestep;
 			}
+			if (worldRenderer != null)
+				worldRenderer.Dispose();
 			worldRenderer = new WorldRenderer(orderManager.World);
+			
 			using (new PerfTimer("LoadComplete"))
 				orderManager.World.LoadComplete(worldRenderer);
 
@@ -215,7 +218,7 @@ namespace OpenRA
 				Settings.Graphics.Renderer = r;
 				try
 				{
-					Renderer.Initialize(Settings.Graphics.Mode);
+					Renderer = new Renderer(Settings.Graphics, Settings.Server);
 					break;
 				}
 				catch (Exception e)
@@ -225,8 +228,6 @@ namespace OpenRA
 				}
 			}
 
-			Renderer = new Renderer();
-
 			try
 			{
 				Sound.Create(Settings.Sound.Engine);
@@ -257,12 +258,18 @@ namespace OpenRA
 			BeforeGameStart = () => { };
 			Ui.ResetAll();
 
+			if (worldRenderer != null)
+				worldRenderer.Dispose();
 			worldRenderer = null;
 			if (server != null)
 				server.Shutdown();
 			if (orderManager != null)
 				orderManager.Dispose();
 
+			if (modData != null)
+				modData.Dispose();
+			modData = null;
+
 			// Fall back to default if the mod doesn't exist
 			if (!ModMetadata.AllMods.ContainsKey(mod))
 				mod = new GameSettings().Mod;
@@ -274,7 +281,7 @@ namespace OpenRA
 			Sound.StopVideo();
 			Sound.Initialize();
 
-			modData = new ModData(mod);
+			modData = new ModData(mod, true);
 			Renderer.InitializeFonts(modData.Manifest);
 			modData.InitializeLoaders();
 			using (new PerfTimer("LoadMaps"))
@@ -632,8 +639,12 @@ namespace OpenRA
 				if (orderManager != null)
 					orderManager.Dispose();
 			}
-				
+
-			Renderer.Device.Dispose();
+			if (worldRenderer != null)
+				worldRenderer.Dispose();
+			modData.Dispose();
+			ChromeProvider.Deinitialize();
+			Renderer.Dispose();
 
 			OnQuit();
 

OpenRA.Game/GameRules/RulesetCache.cs

@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ using OpenRA.Support;
 
 namespace OpenRA
 {
-	public class RulesetCache
+	public sealed class RulesetCache : IDisposable
 	{
 		readonly ModData modData;
 
@@ -137,5 +137,12 @@ namespace OpenRA
 
 			return items;
 		}
+
+		public void Dispose()
+		{
+			foreach (var cache in sequenceCaches.Values)
+				cache.Dispose();
+			sequenceCaches.Clear();
+		}
 	}
 }

OpenRA.Game/Graphics/ChromeProvider.cs

@@ -27,6 +27,8 @@ namespace OpenRA.Graphics
 
 		public static void Initialize(IEnumerable<string> chromeFiles)
 		{
+			Deinitialize();
+
 			collections = new Dictionary<string, Collection>();
 			cachedSheets = new Dictionary<string, Sheet>();
 			cachedSprites = new Dictionary<string, Dictionary<string, Sprite>>();
@@ -37,6 +39,17 @@ namespace OpenRA.Graphics
 				LoadCollection(c.Key, c.Value);
 		}
 
+		public static void Deinitialize()
+		{
+			if (cachedSheets != null)
+				foreach (var sheet in cachedSheets.Values)
+					sheet.Dispose();
+
+			collections = null;
+			cachedSheets = null;
+			cachedSprites = null;
+		}
+
 		public static void Save(string file)
 		{
 			var root = new List<MiniYamlNode>();

OpenRA.Game/Graphics/CursorProvider.cs

@@ -16,11 +16,12 @@ using OpenRA.Primitives;
 
 namespace OpenRA.Graphics
 {
-	public class CursorProvider
+	public sealed class CursorProvider : IDisposable
 	{
 		HardwarePalette palette;
 		Dictionary<string, CursorSequence> cursors;
 		Cache<string, PaletteReference> palettes;
+		readonly SheetBuilder sheetBuilder;
 
 		public static bool CursorViewportZoomed { get { return Game.Settings.Graphics.CursorDouble && Game.Settings.Graphics.PixelDouble; } }
 
@@ -45,10 +46,11 @@ namespace OpenRA.Graphics
 			foreach (var p in nodesDict["Palettes"].Nodes)
 				palette.AddPalette(p.Key, new ImmutablePalette(GlobalFileSystem.Open(p.Value.Value), shadowIndex), false);
 
-			var spriteCache = new SpriteCache(modData.SpriteLoaders, new string[0], new SheetBuilder(SheetType.Indexed));
+			sheetBuilder = new SheetBuilder(SheetType.Indexed);
+			var spriteCache = new SpriteCache(modData.SpriteLoaders, new string[0], sheetBuilder);
 			foreach (var s in nodesDict["Cursors"].Nodes)
 				LoadSequencesForCursor(spriteCache, s.Key, s.Value);
-			spriteCache.SheetBuilder.Current.ReleaseBuffer();
+			sheetBuilder.Current.ReleaseBuffer();
 
 			palette.Initialize();
 		}
@@ -95,5 +97,11 @@ namespace OpenRA.Graphics
 				throw new InvalidOperationException("Cursor does not have a sequence `{0}`".F(cursor));
 			}
 		}
+
+		public void Dispose()
+		{
+			palette.Dispose();
+			sheetBuilder.Dispose();
+		}
 	}
 }

OpenRA.Game/Graphics/HardwarePalette.cs

@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ using OpenRA.Traits;
 
 namespace OpenRA.Graphics
 {
-	public class HardwarePalette
+	public sealed class HardwarePalette : IDisposable
 	{
 		public const int MaxPalettes = 256;
 
@@ -111,5 +111,10 @@ namespace OpenRA.Graphics
 				modifiedPalette.SetFromPalette(originalPalette);
 			}
 		}
+
+		public void Dispose()
+		{
+			Texture.Dispose();
+		}
 	}
 }

OpenRA.Game/Graphics/IGraphicsDevice.cs

@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ namespace OpenRA
 		void ReleaseWindowMouseFocus();
 	}
 
-	public interface IVertexBuffer<T>
+	public interface IVertexBuffer<T> : IDisposable
 	{
 		void Bind();
 		void SetData(T[] vertices, int length);
@@ -80,7 +80,8 @@ namespace OpenRA
 	}
 
 	public enum TextureScaleFilter { Nearest, Linear }
-	public interface ITexture
+	
+	public interface ITexture : IDisposable
 	{
 		void SetData(Bitmap bitmap);
 		void SetData(uint[,] colors);
@@ -90,7 +91,7 @@ namespace OpenRA
 		TextureScaleFilter ScaleFilter { get; set; }
 	}
 
-	public interface IFrameBuffer
+	public interface IFrameBuffer : IDisposable
 	{
 		void Bind();
 		void Unbind();

OpenRA.Game/Graphics/LineRenderer.cs

@@ -20,13 +20,14 @@ namespace OpenRA.Graphics
 		Renderer renderer;
 		IShader shader;
 
-		Vertex[] vertices = new Vertex[Renderer.TempBufferSize];
+		readonly Vertex[] vertices;
 		int nv = 0;
 
 		public LineRenderer(Renderer renderer, IShader shader)
 		{
 			this.renderer = renderer;
 			this.shader = shader;
+			vertices = new Vertex[renderer.TempBufferSize];
 		}
 
 
@@ -71,9 +72,9 @@ namespace OpenRA.Graphics
 
 		public void DrawLine(float2 start, float2 end, Color startColor, Color endColor)
 		{
-			Renderer.CurrentBatchRenderer = this;
+			renderer.CurrentBatchRenderer = this;
 
-			if (nv + 2 > Renderer.TempBufferSize)
+			if (nv + 2 > renderer.TempBufferSize)
 				Flush();
 
 			vertices[nv++] = new Vertex(start + offset,

OpenRA.Game/Graphics/Minimap.cs

@@ -203,8 +203,8 @@ namespace OpenRA.Graphics
 
 		public static Bitmap RenderMapPreview(TileSet tileset, Map map, Ruleset resourceRules, bool actualSize)
 		{
-			var terrain = TerrainBitmap(tileset, map, actualSize);
+			using (var terrain = TerrainBitmap(tileset, map, actualSize))
-			return AddStaticResources(tileset, map, resourceRules, terrain);
+				return AddStaticResources(tileset, map, resourceRules, terrain);
 		}
 	}
 }

OpenRA.Game/Graphics/QuadRenderer.cs

@@ -17,13 +17,14 @@ namespace OpenRA.Graphics
 		Renderer renderer;
 		IShader shader;
 
-		Vertex[] vertices = new Vertex[Renderer.TempBufferSize];
+		readonly Vertex[] vertices;
 		int nv = 0;
 
 		public QuadRenderer(Renderer renderer, IShader shader)
 		{
 			this.renderer = renderer;
 			this.shader = shader;
+			vertices = new Vertex[renderer.TempBufferSize];
 		}
 
 		public void Flush()
@@ -45,9 +46,9 @@ namespace OpenRA.Graphics
 
 		public void FillRect(RectangleF rect, Color color)
 		{
-			Renderer.CurrentBatchRenderer = this;
+			renderer.CurrentBatchRenderer = this;
 
-			if (nv + 4 > Renderer.TempBufferSize)
+			if (nv + 4 > renderer.TempBufferSize)
 				Flush();
 
 			var r = color.R / 255.0f;

OpenRA.Game/Graphics/Renderer.cs

@@ -18,11 +18,11 @@ using OpenRA.Support;
 
 namespace OpenRA.Graphics
 {
-	public class Renderer
+	public sealed class Renderer : IDisposable
 	{
-		internal static int SheetSize;
+		internal int SheetSize { get; private set; }
-		internal static int TempBufferSize;
+		internal int TempBufferSize { get; private set; }
-		internal static int TempBufferCount;
+		internal int TempBufferCount { get; private set; }
 
 		public SpriteRenderer WorldSpriteRenderer { get; private set; }
 		public SpriteRenderer WorldRgbaSpriteRenderer { get; private set; }
@@ -38,11 +38,13 @@ namespace OpenRA.Graphics
 		public Dictionary<string, SpriteFont> Fonts;
 		Stack<Rectangle> scissorState;
 
-		public Renderer()
+		public Renderer(GraphicSettings graphicSettings, ServerSettings serverSettings)
 		{
-			TempBufferSize = Game.Settings.Graphics.BatchSize;
+			Initialize(graphicSettings, serverSettings);
-			TempBufferCount = Game.Settings.Graphics.NumTempBuffers;
+
-			SheetSize = Game.Settings.Graphics.SheetSize;
+			TempBufferSize = graphicSettings.BatchSize;
+			TempBufferCount = graphicSettings.NumTempBuffers;
+			SheetSize = graphicSettings.SheetSize;
 			scissorState = new Stack<Rectangle>();
 
 			WorldSpriteRenderer = new SpriteRenderer(this, device.CreateShader("shp"));
@@ -142,21 +144,21 @@ namespace OpenRA.Graphics
 
 		public Size Resolution { get { return device.WindowSize; } }
 
-		internal static void Initialize(WindowMode windowMode)
+		void Initialize(GraphicSettings graphicSettings, ServerSettings serverSettings)
 		{
-			var resolution = GetResolution(windowMode);
+			var resolution = GetResolution(graphicSettings);
 
-			var renderer = Game.Settings.Server.Dedicated ? "Null" : Game.Settings.Graphics.Renderer;
+			var rendererName = serverSettings.Dedicated ? "Null" : graphicSettings.Renderer;
-			var rendererPath = Platform.ResolvePath(".", "OpenRA.Renderer." + renderer + ".dll");
+			var rendererPath = Platform.ResolvePath(".", "OpenRA.Renderer." + rendererName + ".dll");
 
-			device = CreateDevice(Assembly.LoadFile(rendererPath), resolution.Width, resolution.Height, windowMode);
+			device = CreateDevice(Assembly.LoadFile(rendererPath), resolution.Width, resolution.Height, graphicSettings.Mode);
 		}
 
-		static Size GetResolution(WindowMode windowmode)
+		static Size GetResolution(GraphicSettings graphicsSettings)
 		{
-			var size = (windowmode == WindowMode.Windowed)
+			var size = (graphicsSettings.Mode == WindowMode.Windowed)
-				? Game.Settings.Graphics.WindowedSize
+				? graphicsSettings.WindowedSize
-				: Game.Settings.Graphics.FullscreenSize;
+				: graphicsSettings.FullscreenSize;
 			return new Size(size.X, size.Y);
 		}
 
@@ -180,8 +182,8 @@ namespace OpenRA.Graphics
 
 		public interface IBatchRenderer	{ void Flush();	}
 
-		static IBatchRenderer currentBatchRenderer;
+		IBatchRenderer currentBatchRenderer;
-		public static IBatchRenderer CurrentBatchRenderer
+		public IBatchRenderer CurrentBatchRenderer
 		{
 			get { return currentBatchRenderer; }
 			set
@@ -240,5 +242,14 @@ namespace OpenRA.Graphics
 		{
 			device.ReleaseWindowMouseFocus();
 		}
+
+		public void Dispose()
+		{
+			Device.Dispose();
+			WorldVoxelRenderer.Dispose();
+			foreach (var buffer in tempBuffers)
+				buffer.Dispose();
+			tempBuffers.Clear();
+		}
 	}
 }

OpenRA.Game/Graphics/SequenceProvider.cs

@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ namespace OpenRA.Graphics
 		}
 	}
 
-	public class SequenceCache
+	public sealed class SequenceCache : IDisposable
 	{
 		readonly ModData modData;
 		readonly Lazy<SpriteCache> spriteCache;
@@ -141,5 +141,11 @@ namespace OpenRA.Graphics
 
 			return new ReadOnlyDictionary<string, Sequence>(unitSequences);
 		}
+
+		public void Dispose()
+		{
+			if (spriteCache.IsValueCreated)
+				spriteCache.Value.SheetBuilder.Dispose();
+		}
 	}
 }

OpenRA.Game/Graphics/Sheet.cs

@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ using OpenRA.FileSystem;
 
 namespace OpenRA.Graphics
 {
-	public class Sheet
+	public sealed class Sheet : IDisposable
 	{
 		readonly object textureLock = new object();
 		bool dirty;
@@ -178,5 +178,11 @@ namespace OpenRA.Graphics
 					releaseBufferOnCommit = true;
 			}
 		}
+
+		public void Dispose()
+		{
+			if (texture != null)
+				texture.Dispose();
+		}
 	}
 }

OpenRA.Game/Graphics/SheetBuilder.cs

@@ -9,7 +9,9 @@
 #endregion
 
 using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
 using System.Drawing;
+using System.Linq;
 
 namespace OpenRA.Graphics
 {
@@ -27,8 +29,9 @@ namespace OpenRA.Graphics
 		BGRA = 4,
 	}
 
-	public class SheetBuilder
+	public sealed class SheetBuilder : IDisposable
 	{
+		readonly List<Sheet> sheets = new List<Sheet>();
 		Sheet current;
 		TextureChannel channel;
 		SheetType type;
@@ -36,19 +39,23 @@ namespace OpenRA.Graphics
 		Point p;
 		Func<Sheet> allocateSheet;
 
-		public static Sheet AllocateSheet()
+		public static Sheet AllocateSheet(int sheetSize)
 		{
-			return new Sheet(new Size(Renderer.SheetSize, Renderer.SheetSize));
+			return new Sheet(new Size(sheetSize, sheetSize));
 		}
 
 		public SheetBuilder(SheetType t)
-			: this(t, AllocateSheet) { }
+			: this(t, Game.Renderer.SheetSize) { }
+
+		public SheetBuilder(SheetType t, int sheetSize)
+			: this(t, () => AllocateSheet(sheetSize)) { }
 
 		public SheetBuilder(SheetType t, Func<Sheet> allocateSheet)
 		{
 			channel = TextureChannel.Red;
 			type = t;
 			current = allocateSheet();
+			sheets.Add(current);
 			this.allocateSheet = allocateSheet;
 		}
 
@@ -111,6 +118,7 @@ namespace OpenRA.Graphics
 				{
 					current.ReleaseBuffer();
 					current = allocateSheet();
+					sheets.Add(current);
 					channel = TextureChannel.Red;
 				}
 				else
@@ -127,5 +135,12 @@ namespace OpenRA.Graphics
 		}
 
 		public Sheet Current { get { return current; } }
+
+		public void Dispose()
+		{
+			foreach (var sheet in sheets)
+				sheet.Dispose();
+			sheets.Clear();
+		}
 	}
 }

OpenRA.Game/Graphics/SpriteRenderer.cs

@@ -17,8 +17,8 @@ namespace OpenRA.Graphics
 		Renderer renderer;
 		IShader shader;
 
-		Vertex[] vertices = new Vertex[Renderer.TempBufferSize];
+		readonly Vertex[] vertices;
-		Sheet currentSheet = null;
+		Sheet currentSheet;
 		BlendMode currentBlend = BlendMode.Alpha;
 		int nv = 0;
 
@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@ namespace OpenRA.Graphics
 		{
 			this.renderer = renderer;
 			this.shader = shader;
+			vertices = new Vertex[renderer.TempBufferSize];
 		}
 
 		public void Flush()
@@ -60,7 +61,7 @@ namespace OpenRA.Graphics
 
 		void DrawSprite(Sprite s, float2 location, int paletteIndex, float2 size)
 		{
-			Renderer.CurrentBatchRenderer = this;
+			renderer.CurrentBatchRenderer = this;
 
 			if (s.sheet != currentSheet)
 				Flush();
@@ -68,7 +69,7 @@ namespace OpenRA.Graphics
 			if (s.blendMode != currentBlend)
 				Flush();
 
-			if (nv + 4 > Renderer.TempBufferSize)
+			if (nv + 4 > renderer.TempBufferSize)
 				Flush();
 
 			currentBlend = s.blendMode;
@@ -90,7 +91,7 @@ namespace OpenRA.Graphics
 
 		public void DrawSprite(Sprite s, float2 a, float2 b, float2 c, float2 d)
 		{
-			Renderer.CurrentBatchRenderer = this;
+			renderer.CurrentBatchRenderer = this;
 
 			if (s.sheet != currentSheet)
 				Flush();
@@ -98,7 +99,7 @@ namespace OpenRA.Graphics
 			if (s.blendMode != currentBlend)
 				Flush();
 
-			if (nv + 4 > Renderer.TempBufferSize)
+			if (nv + 4 > renderer.TempBufferSize)
 				Flush();
 
 			currentSheet = s.sheet;

OpenRA.Game/Graphics/TerrainRenderer.cs

@@ -8,11 +8,12 @@
  */
 #endregion
 
+using System;
 using OpenRA.Traits;
 
 namespace OpenRA.Graphics
 {
-	class TerrainRenderer
+	sealed class TerrainRenderer : IDisposable
 	{
 		IVertexBuffer<Vertex> vertexBuffer;
 
@@ -58,5 +59,10 @@ namespace OpenRA.Graphics
 			foreach (var r in world.WorldActor.TraitsImplementing<IRenderOverlay>())
 				r.Render(wr);
 		}
+
+		public void Dispose()
+		{
+			vertexBuffer.Dispose();
+		}
 	}
 }

OpenRA.Game/Graphics/Theater.cs

@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ using OpenRA.FileSystem;
 
 namespace OpenRA.Graphics
 {
-	public class Theater
+	public sealed class Theater : IDisposable
 	{
 		SheetBuilder sheetBuilder;
 		Dictionary<ushort, Sprite[]> templates;
@@ -101,5 +101,10 @@ namespace OpenRA.Graphics
 		}
 
 		public Sheet Sheet { get { return sheetBuilder.Current; } }
+
+		public void Dispose()
+		{
+			sheetBuilder.Dispose();
+		}
 	}
 }

OpenRA.Game/Graphics/VoxelLoader.cs

@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ namespace OpenRA.Graphics
 		}
 	}
 
-	public class VoxelLoader
+	public sealed class VoxelLoader : IDisposable
 	{
 		SheetBuilder sheetBuilder;
 
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ namespace OpenRA.Graphics
 				if (allocated)
 					throw new SheetOverflowException("");
 				allocated = true;
-				return SheetBuilder.AllocateSheet();
+				return SheetBuilder.AllocateSheet(Game.Renderer.SheetSize);
 			};
 
 			return new SheetBuilder(SheetType.DualIndexed, allocate);
@@ -195,6 +195,8 @@ namespace OpenRA.Graphics
 
 		public void RefreshBuffer()
 		{
+			if (vertexBuffer != null)
+				vertexBuffer.Dispose();
 			vertexBuffer = Game.Renderer.Device.CreateVertexBuffer(totalVertexCount);
 			vertexBuffer.SetData(vertices.SelectMany(v => v).ToArray(), totalVertexCount);
 			cachedVertexCount = totalVertexCount;
@@ -230,5 +232,12 @@ namespace OpenRA.Graphics
 		{
 			sheetBuilder.Current.ReleaseBuffer();
 		}
+
+		public void Dispose()
+		{
+			if (vertexBuffer != null)
+				vertexBuffer.Dispose();
+			sheetBuilder.Dispose();
+		}
 	}
 }

OpenRA.Game/Graphics/VoxelRenderer.cs

@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ namespace OpenRA.Graphics
 		}
 	}
 
-	public class VoxelRenderer
+	public sealed class VoxelRenderer : IDisposable
 	{
 		Renderer renderer;
 		IShader shader;
@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ namespace OpenRA.Graphics
 
 		public void SetViewportParams(Size screen, float zoom, int2 scroll)
 		{
-			var a = 2f / Renderer.SheetSize;
+			var a = 2f / renderer.SheetSize;
 			var view = new float[]
 			{
 				a, 0, 0, 0,
@@ -169,8 +169,8 @@ namespace OpenRA.Graphics
 			var spriteCenter = new float2(sb.Left + sb.Width / 2, sb.Top + sb.Height / 2);
 			var shadowCenter = new float2(ssb.Left + ssb.Width / 2, ssb.Top + ssb.Height / 2);
 
-			var translateMtx = Util.TranslationMatrix(spriteCenter.X - spriteOffset.X, Renderer.SheetSize - (spriteCenter.Y - spriteOffset.Y), 0);
+			var translateMtx = Util.TranslationMatrix(spriteCenter.X - spriteOffset.X, renderer.SheetSize - (spriteCenter.Y - spriteOffset.Y), 0);
-			var shadowTranslateMtx = Util.TranslationMatrix(shadowCenter.X - shadowSpriteOffset.X, Renderer.SheetSize - (shadowCenter.Y - shadowSpriteOffset.Y), 0);
+			var shadowTranslateMtx = Util.TranslationMatrix(shadowCenter.X - shadowSpriteOffset.X, renderer.SheetSize - (shadowCenter.Y - shadowSpriteOffset.Y), 0);
 			var correctionTransform = Util.MatrixMultiply(translateMtx, flipMtx);
 			var shadowCorrectionTransform = Util.MatrixMultiply(shadowTranslateMtx, shadowScaleFlipMtx);
 
@@ -330,12 +330,24 @@ namespace OpenRA.Graphics
 				return kv.Key;
 			}
 
-			var size = new Size(Renderer.SheetSize, Renderer.SheetSize);
+			var size = new Size(renderer.SheetSize, renderer.SheetSize);
 			var framebuffer = renderer.Device.CreateFrameBuffer(size);
 			var sheet = new Sheet(framebuffer.Texture);
 			mappedBuffers.Add(sheet, framebuffer);
 
 			return sheet;
 		}
+
+		public void Dispose()
+		{
+			foreach (var kvp in mappedBuffers.Concat(unmappedBuffers))
+			{
+				kvp.Key.Dispose();
+				kvp.Value.Dispose();
+			}
+
+			mappedBuffers.Clear();
+			unmappedBuffers.Clear();
+		}
 	}
 }

OpenRA.Game/Graphics/WorldRenderer.cs

@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ namespace OpenRA.Graphics
 		}
 	}
 
-	public class WorldRenderer
+	public sealed class WorldRenderer : IDisposable
 	{
 		public readonly World world;
 		public readonly Theater Theater;
@@ -251,5 +251,12 @@ namespace OpenRA.Graphics
 			var ts = Game.modData.Manifest.TileSize;
 			return new WPos(1024 * screenPx.X / ts.Width, 1024 * screenPx.Y / ts.Height, 0);
 		}
+
+		public void Dispose()
+		{
+			palette.Dispose();
+			Theater.Dispose();
+			terrainRenderer.Dispose();
+		}
 	}
 }

OpenRA.Game/Map/MapCache.cs

@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ using OpenRA.Primitives;
 
 namespace OpenRA
 {
-	public class MapCache : IEnumerable<MapPreview>
+	public sealed class MapCache : IEnumerable<MapPreview>, IDisposable
 	{
 		public static readonly MapPreview UnknownMap = new MapPreview(null, null);
 		readonly Cache<string, MapPreview> previews;
@@ -163,7 +163,13 @@ namespace OpenRA
 				foreach (var p in todo)
 				{
 					// The rendering is thread safe because it only reads from the passed instances and writes to a new bitmap
-					var bitmap = p.CustomPreview ?? Minimap.RenderMapPreview(modData.DefaultRules.TileSets[p.Map.Tileset], p.Map, modData.DefaultRules, true);
+					var createdPreview = false;
+					var bitmap = p.CustomPreview;
+					if (bitmap == null)
+					{
+						createdPreview = true;
+						bitmap = Minimap.RenderMapPreview(modData.DefaultRules.TileSets[p.Map.Tileset], p.Map, modData.DefaultRules, true);
+					}
 					// Note: this is not generally thread-safe, but it works here because:
 					//   (a) This worker is the only thread writing to this sheet
 					//   (b) The main thread is the only thread reading this sheet
@@ -172,7 +178,15 @@ namespace OpenRA
 					//       the next render cycle.
 					//   (d) Any partially written bytes from the next minimap is in an
 					//       unallocated area, and will be committed in the next cycle.
-					p.SetMinimap(sheetBuilder.Add(bitmap));
+					try
+					{
+						p.SetMinimap(sheetBuilder.Add(bitmap));
+					}
+					finally
+					{
+						if (createdPreview)
+							bitmap.Dispose();
+					}
 
 					// Yuck... But this helps the UI Jank when opening the map selector significantly.
 					Thread.Sleep(Environment.ProcessorCount == 1 ? 25 : 5);
@@ -226,5 +240,10 @@ namespace OpenRA
 		{
 			return GetEnumerator();
 		}
+
+		public void Dispose()
+		{
+			sheetBuilder.Dispose();
+		}
 	}
 }

OpenRA.Game/ModData.cs

@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ using OpenRA.Widgets;
 
 namespace OpenRA
 {
-	public class ModData
+	public sealed class ModData : IDisposable
 	{
 		public readonly Manifest Manifest;
 		public readonly ObjectCreator ObjectCreator;
@@ -33,14 +33,17 @@ namespace OpenRA
 		Lazy<Ruleset> defaultRules;
 		public Ruleset DefaultRules { get { return defaultRules.Value; } }
 
-		public ModData(string mod)
+		public ModData(string mod, bool useLoadScreen = false)
 		{
 			Languages = new string[0];
 			Manifest = new Manifest(mod);
 			ObjectCreator = new ObjectCreator(Manifest);
-			LoadScreen = ObjectCreator.CreateObject<ILoadScreen>(Manifest.LoadScreen.Value);
+			if (useLoadScreen)
-			LoadScreen.Init(Manifest, Manifest.LoadScreen.ToDictionary(my => my.Value));
+			{
-			LoadScreen.Display();
+				LoadScreen = ObjectCreator.CreateObject<ILoadScreen>(Manifest.LoadScreen.Value);
+				LoadScreen.Init(Manifest, Manifest.LoadScreen.ToDictionary(my => my.Value));
+				LoadScreen.Display();
+			}
 			WidgetLoader = new WidgetLoader(this);
 			RulesetCache = new RulesetCache(this);
 			RulesetCache.LoadingProgress += HandleLoadingProgress;
@@ -82,8 +85,13 @@ namespace OpenRA
 			// horribly when you use ModData in unexpected ways.
 			ChromeMetrics.Initialize(Manifest.ChromeMetrics);
 			ChromeProvider.Initialize(Manifest.Chrome);
+
+			if (VoxelLoader != null)
+				VoxelLoader.Dispose();
 			VoxelLoader = new VoxelLoader();
 
+			if (CursorProvider != null)
+				CursorProvider.Dispose();
 			CursorProvider = new CursorProvider(this);
 		}
 
@@ -130,7 +138,8 @@ namespace OpenRA
 
 		public Map PrepareMap(string uid)
 		{
-			LoadScreen.Display();
+			if (LoadScreen != null)
+				LoadScreen.Display();
 
 			if (MapCache[uid].Status != MapStatus.Available)
 				throw new InvalidDataException("Invalid map uid: {0}".F(uid));
@@ -157,9 +166,21 @@ namespace OpenRA
 
 			return map;
 		}
+
+		public void Dispose()
+		{
+			if (LoadScreen != null)
+				LoadScreen.Dispose();
+			RulesetCache.Dispose();
+			MapCache.Dispose();
+			if (VoxelLoader != null)
+				VoxelLoader.Dispose();
+			if (CursorProvider != null)
+				CursorProvider.Dispose();
+		}
 	}
 
-	public interface ILoadScreen
+	public interface ILoadScreen : IDisposable
 	{
 		void Init(Manifest m, Dictionary<string, string> info);
 		void Display();

OpenRA.Lint/YamlChecker.cs

@@ -55,6 +55,9 @@ namespace OpenRA.Lint
 				FieldLoader.UnknownFieldAction = (s, f) => EmitError("FieldLoader: Missing field `{0}` on `{1}`".F(s, f.Name));
 
 				AppDomain.CurrentDomain.AssemblyResolve += GlobalFileSystem.ResolveAssembly;
+				Game.Renderer = new Graphics.Renderer(
+					new GraphicSettings() { Renderer = "Null", NumTempBuffers = 0, SheetSize = 0 },
+					new ServerSettings());
 				Game.modData = new ModData(mod);
 
 				IEnumerable<Map> maps;

OpenRA.Mods.Cnc/CncLoadScreen.cs

@@ -18,10 +18,11 @@ using OpenRA.Widgets;
 
 namespace OpenRA.Mods.Cnc
 {
-	public class CncLoadScreen : ILoadScreen
+	public sealed class CncLoadScreen : ILoadScreen
 	{
 		Dictionary<string, string> loadInfo;
 		Stopwatch loadTimer = Stopwatch.StartNew();
+		Sheet sheet;
 		Sprite[] ss;
 		int loadTick;
 		float2 nodPos, gdiPos, evaPos;
@@ -39,31 +40,31 @@ namespace OpenRA.Mods.Cnc
 			r = Game.Renderer;
 			if (r == null) return;
 
-			var s = new Sheet(Platform.ResolvePath(loadInfo["Image"]));
+			sheet = new Sheet(Platform.ResolvePath(loadInfo["Image"]));
 			var res = r.Resolution;
 			bounds = new Rectangle(0, 0, res.Width, res.Height);
 
 			ss = new[]
 			{
-				new Sprite(s, new Rectangle(161, 128, 62, 33), TextureChannel.Alpha),
+				new Sprite(sheet, new Rectangle(161, 128, 62, 33), TextureChannel.Alpha),
-				new Sprite(s, new Rectangle(161, 223, 62, 33), TextureChannel.Alpha),
+				new Sprite(sheet, new Rectangle(161, 223, 62, 33), TextureChannel.Alpha),
-				new Sprite(s, new Rectangle(128, 161, 33, 62), TextureChannel.Alpha),
+				new Sprite(sheet, new Rectangle(128, 161, 33, 62), TextureChannel.Alpha),
-				new Sprite(s, new Rectangle(223, 161, 33, 62), TextureChannel.Alpha),
+				new Sprite(sheet, new Rectangle(223, 161, 33, 62), TextureChannel.Alpha),
-				new Sprite(s, new Rectangle(128, 128, 33, 33), TextureChannel.Alpha),
+				new Sprite(sheet, new Rectangle(128, 128, 33, 33), TextureChannel.Alpha),
-				new Sprite(s, new Rectangle(223, 128, 33, 33), TextureChannel.Alpha),
+				new Sprite(sheet, new Rectangle(223, 128, 33, 33), TextureChannel.Alpha),
-				new Sprite(s, new Rectangle(128, 223, 33, 33), TextureChannel.Alpha),
+				new Sprite(sheet, new Rectangle(128, 223, 33, 33), TextureChannel.Alpha),
-				new Sprite(s, new Rectangle(223, 223, 33, 33), TextureChannel.Alpha)
+				new Sprite(sheet, new Rectangle(223, 223, 33, 33), TextureChannel.Alpha)
 			};
 
-			nodLogo = new Sprite(s, new Rectangle(0, 256, 256, 256), TextureChannel.Alpha);
+			nodLogo = new Sprite(sheet, new Rectangle(0, 256, 256, 256), TextureChannel.Alpha);
-			gdiLogo = new Sprite(s, new Rectangle(256, 256, 256, 256), TextureChannel.Alpha);
+			gdiLogo = new Sprite(sheet, new Rectangle(256, 256, 256, 256), TextureChannel.Alpha);
-			evaLogo = new Sprite(s, new Rectangle(256, 64, 128, 64), TextureChannel.Alpha);
+			evaLogo = new Sprite(sheet, new Rectangle(256, 64, 128, 64), TextureChannel.Alpha);
 			nodPos = new float2(bounds.Width / 2 - 384, bounds.Height / 2 - 128);
 			gdiPos = new float2(bounds.Width / 2 + 128, bounds.Height / 2 - 128);
 			evaPos = new float2(bounds.Width - 43 - 128, 43);
 
-			brightBlock = new Sprite(s, new Rectangle(320, 0, 16, 35), TextureChannel.Alpha);
+			brightBlock = new Sprite(sheet, new Rectangle(320, 0, 16, 35), TextureChannel.Alpha);
-			dimBlock = new Sprite(s, new Rectangle(336, 0, 16, 35), TextureChannel.Alpha);
+			dimBlock = new Sprite(sheet, new Rectangle(336, 0, 16, 35), TextureChannel.Alpha);
 
 			versionText = m.Mod.Version;
 		}
@@ -123,5 +124,11 @@ namespace OpenRA.Mods.Cnc
 		{
 			Game.TestAndContinue();
 		}
+
+		public void Dispose()
+		{
+			if (sheet != null)
+				sheet.Dispose();
+		}
 	}
 }

OpenRA.Mods.Common/LoadScreens/DefaultLoadScreen.cs

@@ -18,13 +18,14 @@ using OpenRA.Widgets;
 
 namespace OpenRA.Mods.Common.LoadScreens
 {
-	public class DefaultLoadScreen : ILoadScreen
+	public sealed class DefaultLoadScreen : ILoadScreen
 	{
 		Stopwatch lastUpdate = Stopwatch.StartNew();
 		Renderer r;
 
 		Rectangle stripeRect;
 		float2 logoPos;
+		Sheet sheet;
 		Sprite stripe, logo;
 		string[] messages;
 
@@ -37,9 +38,9 @@ namespace OpenRA.Mods.Common.LoadScreens
 				return;
 
 			messages = info["Text"].Split(',');
-			var s = new Sheet(Platform.ResolvePath(info["Image"]));
+			sheet = new Sheet(Platform.ResolvePath(info["Image"]));
-			logo = new Sprite(s, new Rectangle(0, 0, 256, 256), TextureChannel.Alpha);
+			logo = new Sprite(sheet, new Rectangle(0, 0, 256, 256), TextureChannel.Alpha);
-			stripe = new Sprite(s, new Rectangle(256, 0, 256, 256), TextureChannel.Alpha);
+			stripe = new Sprite(sheet, new Rectangle(256, 0, 256, 256), TextureChannel.Alpha);
 			stripeRect = new Rectangle(0, r.Resolution.Height / 2 - 128, r.Resolution.Width, 256);
 			logoPos = new float2(r.Resolution.Width / 2 - 128, r.Resolution.Height / 2 - 128);
 		}
@@ -71,5 +72,11 @@ namespace OpenRA.Mods.Common.LoadScreens
 		{
 			Game.TestAndContinue();
 		}
+
+		public void Dispose()
+		{
+			if (sheet != null)
+				sheet.Dispose();
+		}
 	}
 }

OpenRA.Mods.Common/LoadScreens/ModChooserLoadScreen.cs

@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ using OpenRA.Widgets;
 
 namespace OpenRA.Mods.Common.LoadScreens
 {
-	public class ModChooserLoadScreen : ILoadScreen
+	public sealed class ModChooserLoadScreen : ILoadScreen
 	{
 		Sprite sprite;
 		Rectangle bounds;
@@ -43,5 +43,11 @@ namespace OpenRA.Mods.Common.LoadScreens
 		{
 			Ui.LoadWidget("MODCHOOSER", Ui.Root, new WidgetArgs());
 		}
+
+		public void Dispose()
+		{
+			if (sprite != null)
+				sprite.sheet.Dispose();
+		}
 	}
 }

OpenRA.Mods.Common/LoadScreens/NullLoadScreen.cs

@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ using OpenRA.Widgets;
 
 namespace OpenRA.Mods.Common.LoadScreens
 {
-	public class NullLoadScreen : ILoadScreen
+	public sealed class NullLoadScreen : ILoadScreen
 	{
 		public void Init(Manifest m, Dictionary<string, string> info) { }
 
@@ -31,5 +31,9 @@ namespace OpenRA.Mods.Common.LoadScreens
 		{
 			Ui.ResetAll();
 		}
+
+		public void Dispose()
+		{
+		}
 	}
-}
+}

OpenRA.Mods.Common/Widgets/Logic/ModBrowserLogic.cs

@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@ namespace OpenRA.Mods.Common.Widgets.Logic
 		Widget modList;
 		ButtonWidget modTemplate;
 		ModMetadata[] allMods;
+		readonly SheetBuilder sheetBuilder;
 		ModMetadata selectedMod;
 		string selectedAuthor;
 		string selectedDescription;
@@ -63,7 +64,7 @@ namespace OpenRA.Mods.Common.Widgets.Logic
 				return ret;
 			};
 
-			var sheetBuilder = new SheetBuilder(SheetType.BGRA);
+			sheetBuilder = new SheetBuilder(SheetType.BGRA);
 			previews = new Dictionary<string, Sprite>();
 			logos = new Dictionary<string, Sprite>();
 			allMods = ModMetadata.AllMods.Values.Where(m => m.Id != "modchooser")
@@ -75,21 +76,17 @@ namespace OpenRA.Mods.Common.Widgets.Logic
 			{
 				try
 				{
-					var preview = new Bitmap(Platform.ResolvePath(".", "mods", mod.Id, "preview.png"));
+					using (var preview = new Bitmap(Platform.ResolvePath(".", "mods", mod.Id, "preview.png")))
-					if (preview.Width != 296 || preview.Height != 196)
+						if (preview.Width == 296 && preview.Height == 196)
-						continue;
+							previews.Add(mod.Id, sheetBuilder.Add(preview));
-
-					previews.Add(mod.Id, sheetBuilder.Add(preview));
 				}
 				catch (Exception) { }
 
 				try
 				{
-					var logo = new Bitmap(Platform.ResolvePath(".", "mods", mod.Id, "logo.png"));
+					using (var logo = new Bitmap(Platform.ResolvePath(".", "mods", mod.Id, "logo.png")))
-					if (logo.Width != 96 || logo.Height != 96)
+						if (logo.Width == 96 && logo.Height == 96)
-						continue;
+							logos.Add(mod.Id, sheetBuilder.Add(logo));
-
-					logos.Add(mod.Id, sheetBuilder.Add(logo));
 				}
 				catch (Exception) { }
 			}
@@ -155,11 +152,12 @@ namespace OpenRA.Mods.Common.Widgets.Logic
 				modOffset = selectedIndex - 4;
 		}
 
-		static void LoadMod(ModMetadata mod)
+		void LoadMod(ModMetadata mod)
 		{
 			Game.RunAfterTick(() =>
 			{
 				Ui.CloseWindow();
+				sheetBuilder.Dispose();
 				Game.InitializeMod(mod.Id, null);
 			});
 		}

OpenRA.Renderer.Null/NullGraphicsDevice.cs

@@ -78,7 +78,7 @@ namespace OpenRA.Renderer.Null
 		public void Render(Action a) { }
 	}
 
-	public class NullTexture : ITexture
+	public sealed class NullTexture : ITexture
 	{
 		public TextureScaleFilter ScaleFilter { get { return TextureScaleFilter.Nearest; } set { } }
 		public void SetData(Bitmap bitmap) { }
@@ -86,18 +86,21 @@ namespace OpenRA.Renderer.Null
 		public void SetData(byte[] colors, int width, int height) { }
 		public byte[] GetData() { return new byte[0]; }
 		public Size Size { get { return new Size(0, 0); } }
+		public void Dispose() { }
 	}
 
-	public class NullFrameBuffer : IFrameBuffer
+	public sealed class NullFrameBuffer : IFrameBuffer
 	{
 		public void Bind() { }
 		public void Unbind() { }
 		public ITexture Texture { get { return new NullTexture(); } }
+		public void Dispose() { }
 	}
 
-	class NullVertexBuffer<T> : IVertexBuffer<T>
+	sealed class NullVertexBuffer<T> : IVertexBuffer<T>
 	{
 		public void Bind() { }
 		public void SetData(T[] vertices, int length) { }
+		public void Dispose() { }
 	}
 }

OpenRA.Renderer.Sdl2/FrameBuffer.cs

@@ -16,11 +16,12 @@ using OpenTK.Graphics.OpenGL;
 
 namespace OpenRA.Renderer.Sdl2
 {
-	public class FrameBuffer : IFrameBuffer
+	public sealed class FrameBuffer : IFrameBuffer
 	{
 		Texture texture;
 		Size size;
 		int framebuffer, depth;
+		bool disposed;
 
 		public FrameBuffer(Size size)
 		{
@@ -81,16 +82,6 @@ namespace OpenRA.Renderer.Sdl2
 			return v;
 		}
 
-		void FinalizeInner()
-		{
-			GL.Ext.DeleteFramebuffers(1, ref framebuffer);
-			ErrorHandler.CheckGlError();
-			GL.Ext.DeleteRenderbuffers(1, ref depth);
-			ErrorHandler.CheckGlError();
-		}
-
-		~FrameBuffer() { Game.RunAfterTick(FinalizeInner); }
-
 		int[] cv = new int[4];
 		public void Bind()
 		{
@@ -120,5 +111,29 @@ namespace OpenRA.Renderer.Sdl2
 		}
 
 		public ITexture Texture { get { return texture; } }
+
+		~FrameBuffer()
+		{
+			Game.RunAfterTick(() => Dispose(false));
+		}
+
+		public void Dispose()
+		{
+			Game.RunAfterTick(() => Dispose(true));
+			GC.SuppressFinalize(this);
+		}
+
+		void Dispose(bool disposing)
+		{
+			if (disposed)
+				return;
+			disposed = true;
+			if (disposing)
+				texture.Dispose();
+			GL.Ext.DeleteFramebuffers(1, ref framebuffer);
+			ErrorHandler.CheckGlError();
+			GL.Ext.DeleteRenderbuffers(1, ref depth);
+			ErrorHandler.CheckGlError();
+		}
 	}
 }

OpenRA.Renderer.Sdl2/Texture.cs

@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ using OpenTK.Graphics.OpenGL;
 
 namespace OpenRA.Renderer.Sdl2
 {
-	public class Texture : ITexture
+	public sealed class Texture : ITexture
 	{
 		int texture;
 		TextureScaleFilter scaleFilter;
@@ -26,6 +26,8 @@ namespace OpenRA.Renderer.Sdl2
 
 		public Size Size { get { return size; } }
 
+		bool disposed;
+
 		public TextureScaleFilter ScaleFilter
 		{
 			get
@@ -55,9 +57,6 @@ namespace OpenRA.Renderer.Sdl2
 			SetData(bitmap);
 		}
 
-		void FinalizeInner() { GL.DeleteTextures(1, ref texture); }
-		~Texture() { Game.RunAfterTick(FinalizeInner); }
-
 		void PrepareTexture()
 		{
 			ErrorHandler.CheckGlError();
@@ -180,5 +179,24 @@ namespace OpenRA.Renderer.Sdl2
 				0, OpenTK.Graphics.OpenGL.PixelFormat.Bgra, PixelType.UnsignedByte, IntPtr.Zero);
 			ErrorHandler.CheckGlError();
 		}
+
+		~Texture()
+		{
+			Game.RunAfterTick(() => Dispose(false));
+		}
+
+		public void Dispose()
+		{
+			Game.RunAfterTick(() => Dispose(true));
+			GC.SuppressFinalize(this);
+		}
+
+		void Dispose(bool disposing)
+		{
+			if (disposed)
+				return;
+			disposed = true;
+			GL.DeleteTextures(1, ref texture);
+		}
 	}
 }

OpenRA.Renderer.Sdl2/VertexBuffer.cs

@@ -14,11 +14,12 @@ using OpenTK.Graphics.OpenGL;
 
 namespace OpenRA.Renderer.Sdl2
 {
-	public class VertexBuffer<T> : IVertexBuffer<T>
+	public sealed class VertexBuffer<T> : IVertexBuffer<T>
 			where T : struct
 	{
 		static readonly int VertexSize = Marshal.SizeOf(typeof(T));
 		int buffer;
+		bool disposed;
 
 		public VertexBuffer(int size)
 		{
@@ -52,7 +53,23 @@ namespace OpenRA.Renderer.Sdl2
 			ErrorHandler.CheckGlError();
 		}
 
-		void FinalizeInner() { GL.DeleteBuffers(1, ref buffer); }
+		~VertexBuffer()
-		~VertexBuffer() { Game.RunAfterTick(FinalizeInner); }
+		{
+			Game.RunAfterTick(() => Dispose(false));
+		}
+
+		public void Dispose()
+		{
+			Game.RunAfterTick(() => Dispose(true));
+			GC.SuppressFinalize(this);
+		}
+
+		void Dispose(bool disposing)
+		{
+			if (disposed)
+				return;
+			disposed = true;
+			GL.DeleteBuffers(1, ref buffer);
+		}
 	}
 }